melatonin
Adjunctive therapy
Last reviewed: 2025-12-30
General information
- Primary label indications include: OTC dietary supplement (U.S.; not FDA-approved as a drug).
- Class: Adjunctive therapy
- Therapeutic drug monitoring not routinely recommended.
- Last reviewed: 2025-12-30
Dosing & forms
- Forms/strengths: —
- Frequency: —
- Food: —
- Typical range: —
Mechanism (brief)
Endogenous sleep-wake hormone; MT1/MT2 receptor agonist. Widely used as an OTC dietary supplement for sleep-onset and circadian rhythm complaints.
Metabolism & Half‑life
- Metabolism: CYP1A2, CYP2C19
- Half‑life: Single-dose range 1–2 h
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
Recommended: No
Monitoring highlights
- —
Sources
- Melatonin tablets (dietary supplement) label — DailyMed (2025)
- Melatonin (StatPearls) — StatPearls Publishing (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
- Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders — PLoS One (PMC) (2013)
- Melatonin Natural Health Products and Supplements—presence of serotonin and variability of melatonin content — Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (PMC) (2017)
- Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline — Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (PMC) (2017)